ascertain
The detective tried to ascertain the cause of the accident.
確かめる
deduce
From the evidence, the scientist deduced the presence of water.
推論する
surmise
We can only surmise what happened in the dark.
推測する
decipher
He tried to decipher the ancient script.
解読する
elucidate
The professor elucidated the theory with clear examples.
明らかにする
postulate
Scientists postulate the existence of dark matter.
仮定する
conceptualize
It is difficult to conceptualize infinity.
概念化する
scrutinize
The lawyer scrutinized the contract for errors.
綿密に調べる
denote
The red flag denotes danger.
意味する
construe
His silence was construed as agreement.
解釈する
presuppose
Effective communication presupposes mutual respect.
前提とする
infer
I inferred from her expression that she was upset.
推論する
delineate
The author delineated the character’s struggles vividly.
詳述する
ponder
She pondered the implications of the decision.
熟考する
rationalize
He tried to rationalize his lateness.
合理化する
reify
Some critics argue that emotions should not be reified.
具体化する
instantiate
The developer instantiated the class in the program.
実体化する
subsume
Individual needs are often subsumed under group goals.
包含する
corroborate
The witness corroborated the suspect’s alibi.
裏付ける
validate
The results validate the hypothesis.
検証する
affirm
She affirmed her commitment to the cause.
肯定する
negate
His actions negated all his previous efforts.
無効にする
problematize
The paper problematizes traditional assumptions.
問題視する
refute
She refuted the allegations with clear evidence.
反論する
contemplate
She sat by the window, contemplating the future and all the decisions she had to make.
熟考する
deduct
The accountant will deduct the expenses from the total income before calculating the tax.
演繹する、差し引く
sift
The detective sifted through the evidence to find any clues that could solve the case.
精査する、ふるいにかける
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