must not
We must not be late.
しちゃダメ
Mayと違い主観的で高圧的
must
We must eat to live.
You must go see Tokyo sky tree.
They must be happy.
しなければならない(義務)
しなくちゃだめだ(強いおすすめ)
に違いない(強い確信)
May
You may smoke only in the designated area.
May all your dreams come true!
We may go skiing in Hokkaido this winter.
〜してよい(許可)(お役所的に目上のものが下に与える)(疑問文は下から)
〜しますように(祈願)
〜かもしれない(推量)
May not
You may not take photographs inside the museum.
〜してはいけません(禁止)
Mustと違い公の権威がある。
will
You will feel much better tomorrow.
Accidents will happen.
I will marry him, dad!
〜だろう(確信のある予測)
〜するものだ(法則・習慣)
〜するよ(意志)
can
Junko can speak English.
You can borrow my racket, if you like.
My boss can be so selfish at times.
〜できる(能力)
〜していい(許可)(普通はこっち)
〜しうる(潜在的な性質)
shall
You shall not steal.
We shall all die.
Shall I help you?
Shall we dance?
しなくてはならない(法律)
必ず〜になる(確信)
〜しましょう(提案)(温かい感じ)
フォーマルそして進む道を示すイメージ
Should
You should watch your weight.
That should be no problem.
〜すべき(義務、アドバイス)
〜はず(確信)
Shallのマイルドver
ought to
Should ˈɔːt
Have to
You have to have your hair cut.
She has to be the culprit.
しなくてはならない(必然性がある)
に違いない(裏付けがある)
not have to
You don't have to like your teachers, but you mustn't insult them.
必要がない
had better
You'd better call the amubulance!
した方がいい(強制、緊迫感)
had best 原
You'd best not snitch on us, or we'll best you up.
had better
had better not
He had better not go.
しない方がいい
used to
There used to be a movie theater right here.
以前は〜だった(過去の習慣)(現在とのコントラスト)